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  5. HighlyIntHuman_wIntervention - ASSUMPTIONS & LIMITATIONS

HighlyIntHuman_wIntervention - ASSUMPTIONS & LIMITATIONS

  • Circulatory resistances constant, independant of volume (except Vena cava and systemic arteries).
  • Blood viscosity constant, independent of vessel volume.
  • Vessel walls strictly elastic, not visco-elastic (except aorta and pulmonary artery.
  • Governing equation for baroreception based on experiments with dog carotid sinus only; proximal aortic pressure is used as the input for the baroreceptor's governing equation.
  • We used a discrete heart rate and contractility function. Without this function heartbeats get interrupted and become erratic. Heartrate updates at the end of each cardiac cycle, and when the model is stabilized, the point of update occurs during the troughs of the dynamic heart rate and contractility waveforms.
  • The total alveolar volume in the lung is respresented as one alveolus.
  • Pressure driving breathing is sinusoidal. No spatial component to gas exchange or blood gas handling model.
  • Solubility constants for O2 and CO2 in red blood cells same as in plasma
  • Kidneys (H+ ion sink function "Hout") act as a high performance, low pass filter.
  • Volume of blood in pleural space does not affect pleural pressure No direct chemoreceptor influence on heart function, only on respiration.
  • Flow of blood through injury holes follows Poiseuille's law,
  • plateauing out at the critical Reynold's velocity.
  • Volume of myocardium constant, doesn't change with contraction. Intramyocardial pressure developed by contracting heart is [left
  • ventricle pressure minus pericardial pressure] divided by 2. Gravitational effects are neglected

Model development and archiving support at https://www.imagwiki.nibib.nih.gov/physiome provided by the following grants: NIH U01HL122199 Analyzing the Cardiac Power Grid, 09/15/2015 - 05/31/2020, NIH/NIBIB BE08407 Software Integration, JSim and SBW 6/1/09-5/31/13; NIH/NHLBI T15 HL88516-01 Modeling for Heart, Lung and Blood: From Cell to Organ, 4/1/07-3/31/11; NSF BES-0506477 Adaptive Multi-Scale Model Simulation, 8/15/05-7/31/08; NIH/NHLBI R01 HL073598 Core 3: 3D Imaging and Computer Modeling of the Respiratory Tract, 9/1/04-8/31/09; as well as prior support from NIH/NCRR P41 RR01243 Simulation Resource in Circulatory Mass Transport and Exchange, 12/1/1980-11/30/01 and NIH/NIBIB R01 EB001973 JSim: A Simulation Analysis Platform, 3/1/02-2/28/07.