Model number
0006

This model represents airway with one bronchus, one bronchiole, and an alveolus.

Description

This model represents airway with one bronchus,one bronchiole, and one alveolus. The bronchus has largest resistance and smallest compliance. The bronchiole has smaller resistance and larger compliance than bronchus. The alveolus has the smallest resistance and largest compliance. Air flow is driven by a positive pressure ventilator.

Equations

BronchBronchiolAlv_pic1

e0

e1

e2

e3

e4

e5

e6

e7

e8

e9

where Pmouth is the pressure at the mouth; P scalar multiplies Pdrive, a function representing inhalation pressure; PbronchPbonchiol and Palv are the pressure in the bronchus, bronchiole, and alveolus; FmouthFbronch,Fbronchiol,and Falv are the air flow at the mouth, bronchus, bronchiole, and alveolus; RbronchRbonchiol and Ralv are the resistances of the bronchus, bronchiole, and alveolus to the air flow; CombronchCombonchiol and Comalv are the compliances of the bronchus, bronchiole, and alveolus; and VbronchiVbonchiol and Valv are the volumes of air in the the bronchus, bronchiole, and alveolus.

The equations for this model may be viewed by running the JSim model applet and clicking on the Source tab at the bottom left of JSim's Run Time graphical user interface. The equations are written in JSim's Mathematical Modeling Language (MML). See the Introduction to MML and the MML Reference Manual. Additional documentation for MML can be found by using the search option at the Physiome home page.

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References
 M.G. Levitsky, Pulmonary Physiology, Sixth Edition, McGraw Hill, 2003.

 V.C. Rideout, Mathematical and Computer Modeling of Physiological Systems,
Prentice Hall, 1991, p137-143
Key terms
lung compliance
resistance
RC circuit
lung mechanics
airflow in bronchus
tidal volume
positive pressure ventilation
airway
PV curves
bronchus
bronchiole
alveolus
Acknowledgements

Please cite https://www.imagwiki.nibib.nih.gov/physiome in any publication for which this software is used and send one reprint to the address given below:
The National Simulation Resource, Director J. B. Bassingthwaighte, Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195-5061.

Model development and archiving support at https://www.imagwiki.nibib.nih.gov/physiome provided by the following grants: NIH U01HL122199 Analyzing the Cardiac Power Grid, 09/15/2015 - 05/31/2020, NIH/NIBIB BE08407 Software Integration, JSim and SBW 6/1/09-5/31/13; NIH/NHLBI T15 HL88516-01 Modeling for Heart, Lung and Blood: From Cell to Organ, 4/1/07-3/31/11; NSF BES-0506477 Adaptive Multi-Scale Model Simulation, 8/15/05-7/31/08; NIH/NHLBI R01 HL073598 Core 3: 3D Imaging and Computer Modeling of the Respiratory Tract, 9/1/04-8/31/09; as well as prior support from NIH/NCRR P41 RR01243 Simulation Resource in Circulatory Mass Transport and Exchange, 12/1/1980-11/30/01 and NIH/NIBIB R01 EB001973 JSim: A Simulation Analysis Platform, 3/1/02-2/28/07.