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CardiacOutput_refHuman

Model number
0090

  

Cardiac output estimation in reference human. An open-loop cardiovascular model composed of a four-chamber varying-elastance heart, a systemic circulation, a pulmonary circulation, a coronary circulation, and baroreceptors.

Description

 This is an open-loop cardiovascular and baroreceptor system used to estimate cardiac output 
 from arterial blood pressure and heart rate data. The model is composed of a four-chamber, 
 varying-elastance heart, a systemic circulation, a pulmonary circulation, a coronary circulation, 
 and baroreceptor control of arteriolar resistance, tone, and cardiac contractility.

 An arterial pressure curve sets the proximal aortic afterload at the downstream end of the 
 circulatory network and acts as input to the baroreceptor equations. At the upstream end a 
 non-pulsatile aortic flow input function automatically adjusts to match simulated mean arterial 
 pressure to the target (measured) mean arterial pressure. The smoothed flow across the pulmonary 
 valve is then taken as the estimated cardiac output. The model also simulates many other 
 physiological features such as total blood volume, end-diastolic left ventricular volume, and 
 coronary capillary flow.

fig 1

Equations

The equations for this model may be viewed by running the JSim model applet and clicking on the Source tab at the bottom left of JSim's Run Time graphical user interface. The equations are written in JSim's Mathematical Modeling Language (MML). See the Introduction to MML and the MML Reference Manual. Additional documentation for MML can be found by using the search option at the Physiome home page.

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References

  

Primary reference:

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(Primary) Dash RK and Bassingthwaighte JB. Erratum to: 
Blood HbO2 and HbCO2 dissociation curves at varied O2, CO2, pH, 2,3-DPG and Temperature Levels. 
Ann Biomed Eng 38(4): 1683-1701, 2010.
Download PDF File764.5 KB

Dash RK, Li Z, and Bassingthwaighte JB. Simultaneous blood-tissue exchange of oxygen,
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   Kajiya F. Dynamic changes in three-dimensional architecture and vascular volume 
   of transmural coronary microvasculature between diastolic- and systolic-arrested 
   rat hearts. Circulation 105: 621-626, 2002.

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   beat-to-beat changes in stroke volume from the aortic pulse contour in man. J 
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Wesseling KH, Jansen JRC, Settels JJ, and Schreuder JJ. Computation of aortic flow 
   from pressure in humans using a nonlinear, three-element model. J Appl Physiol 74: 
   2566-2573, 1993.

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Related Models

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Key terms
cardiac output estimation
cardiovascular system
baroreceptor
systemic circulation
pulmonary circulation
coronary circulation
clinical application
automated parameterization
Publication
Data
PMID17846886
Integrative Physiology
Acknowledgements

Please cite https://www.imagwiki.nibib.nih.gov/physiome in any publication for which this software is used and send one reprint to the address given below:
The National Simulation Resource, Director J. B. Bassingthwaighte, Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195-5061.

Model development and archiving support at https://www.imagwiki.nibib.nih.gov/physiome provided by the following grants: NIH U01HL122199 Analyzing the Cardiac Power Grid, 09/15/2015 - 05/31/2020, NIH/NIBIB BE08407 Software Integration, JSim and SBW 6/1/09-5/31/13; NIH/NHLBI T15 HL88516-01 Modeling for Heart, Lung and Blood: From Cell to Organ, 4/1/07-3/31/11; NSF BES-0506477 Adaptive Multi-Scale Model Simulation, 8/15/05-7/31/08; NIH/NHLBI R01 HL073598 Core 3: 3D Imaging and Computer Modeling of the Respiratory Tract, 9/1/04-8/31/09; as well as prior support from NIH/NCRR P41 RR01243 Simulation Resource in Circulatory Mass Transport and Exchange, 12/1/1980-11/30/01 and NIH/NIBIB R01 EB001973 JSim: A Simulation Analysis Platform, 3/1/02-2/28/07.