SalicylicAcidClearance

Model number
0369

  

This model is a place-holder for the three separate models, HalfLife, Enzyme, and BriggsHaldane. It is an example of reproducible models leading to reproducible science. Run the SalicylicAcidClearance model first.

Description

This is the project file for all the figures and tables in
Raymond, GM and Bassingthwaighte JB. Reproducible salicylic acid
clearance models.

Three data sets for acid clearance have been combined
covering low, medium, and high dose ranges of aspirin.
The averaged plasma concentrations are model by three
different models, (1) HalfLife, (2) enzyme, and (3)
Briggs-Haldane Michaelis-Menten.

Various pitfalls leading to the non-reproducibility
of the models are explored.

Paraphrasing Box (1976)“All models are wrong but some are useful,”  
it is concluded, "If it is true that 'All models are wrong,' then 
models that are not reproducible are not even useful.

Use the directions under the README tab in conjunction with the
paper to reproduce all figures and tables in the publication.


Figure 7. The complete enzyme solutions. The symbols are the data; the solid lines are the fits to the data; the dashed lines are the concentrations of the SA-enzyme complex; the dotted lines are the concentrations of the free enzyme; and the dashed- dotted lines are the metabolized product. The low dose concentrations illustrate Michaelis-Menten kinetics where the substrate and the substrate-enzyme complex are in equilibrium because of under saturation of the available enzyme concentration. The mid and high dose concentrations illustrate Briggs-Haldane kinetics where the rate of change of the substrate-enzyme complex is very small because of over saturation of the available enzyme concentration.

fig 1

 

Equations

The equations for this model may be viewed by running the JSim model applet and clicking on the Source tab at the bottom left of JSim's Run Time graphical user interface. The equations are written in JSim's Mathematical Modeling Language (MML). See the Introduction to MML and the MML Reference Manual. Additional documentation for MML can be found by using the search option at the Physiome home page.

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References
Aarons L, Hopkins K, Rowland M, Brossel S, and Thiercelin JF.  
Route of administration and sex differences in the pharmacokinetics 
of aspirin, administered as its lysine salt. Pharmaceutical Res 
6: 660-666, 1989.

Bassingthwaighte JB, Butterworth E, Jardine B, and Raymond G. 
Compartmental modeling in the analysis of biological systems.  
In "Computational Toxicology: Volume 1", edited by Brad Reisfeld 
and Arthur N Mayeno. Methods in Molecular Biology
929: 391-438, 2012. 

Benedek IH, Joshi AS, Pieniaszek HJ, SY King SY and  
Kornhauser DM. Variability in the pharmacokinetics and 
pharmacodynamics of low dose aspirin in healthy male 
volunteers. J. Clin. Pharmacol 35: 1181-1186, 1995.

Box  GEP. Science and statistics. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 
(1976) 71:791–799.

Chan IS, Goldstein AA, and Bassingthwaighte JB. SENSOP: a 
derivative-free solver for nonlinear least squares with 
sensitivity scale. ABME, (1993) 22:621-631.

Hutt AJ, Caldwell L, and Smith RL. The metabolism of aspirin 
in man: a population study. Xenobiotica, 1986, 16:239-249.

Kuehl GE, Bigler J, Potter JD, Lampe JW.  Glucuronidation of 
the aspirin metabolite salicylic acid by expressed 
UDP-glucuronosyltransferases and human liver microsomes. 
Drug Metab Dispo. 2006 Feb;34(2):199-202. Epub 2005 Oct 28.

Prescott LF, Balali-Mood M, Critchley JA, Johnstone AF, 
Proudfoot AT. Diuresis or urinary alkalinisation for salicylate
poisoning? Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1982 November 13; 285(6352):
1383–1386.

Key terms
aspirin
Briggs-Haldane
chemistry
clearance
half-life
JSim
Michaelis-Menten
modeling
pharmacokinetics
physiology
reproducible research
SA
salicylic acid
saturation
simulation
Acknowledgements

Please cite https://www.imagwiki.nibib.nih.gov/physiome in any publication for which this software is used and send one reprint to the address given below:
The National Simulation Resource, Director J. B. Bassingthwaighte, Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195-5061.

Model development and archiving support at https://www.imagwiki.nibib.nih.gov/physiome provided by the following grants: NIH U01HL122199 Analyzing the Cardiac Power Grid, 09/15/2015 - 05/31/2020, NIH/NIBIB BE08407 Software Integration, JSim and SBW 6/1/09-5/31/13; NIH/NHLBI T15 HL88516-01 Modeling for Heart, Lung and Blood: From Cell to Organ, 4/1/07-3/31/11; NSF BES-0506477 Adaptive Multi-Scale Model Simulation, 8/15/05-7/31/08; NIH/NHLBI R01 HL073598 Core 3: 3D Imaging and Computer Modeling of the Respiratory Tract, 9/1/04-8/31/09; as well as prior support from NIH/NCRR P41 RR01243 Simulation Resource in Circulatory Mass Transport and Exchange, 12/1/1980-11/30/01 and NIH/NIBIB R01 EB001973 JSim: A Simulation Analysis Platform, 3/1/02-2/28/07.