The code and methodology presented here describe a computational model aimed at investigating the effects of current waveforms of electrical stimulation of the retina used in prosthetic devices aimed at restoring partial vision lost to retinal degenerative diseases.
For details pertaining to the validation of the Admittance method (AM) , please refer to the published papers and Carlos Cela's dissertation (all listed below). The AM model verification can be found in Carlos Cela's dissertation. The AM method was also validated using a simple point source electrical stimulation; the results were compared with the analytical solution and finite element method (FEM). We further validated the AM results of the disk electrode placed on the surface of the bulk retina tissue with COMSOL Multiphysics software. Also, the AM/NEURON is validated by estimating the local field potential (LFP) of hippocampal activities due to electrical stimulation. The estimated LFPs from the multi-scale modeling were compared with analytical and experimental results (Clayton et al 2018 and 2020).
More specifically regarding the paper (Loizos, 2014) and the validation of the NEURON simulation: there, the authors first reproduced the results of Choi et al (the last reference) to model the oscillatory neural activity arising from the coupling from the A2 amacrine and cone bipolar cells. Once the neuron simulations were validated, the authors designed the waveform to suppress (control) these spontaneous activities in the retina.
- K. Loizos, R. Marc, M. Humayun, J. R. Anderson, B. W. Jones and G. Lazzi, "Increasing Electrical Stimulation Efficacy in Degenerated Retina: Stimulus Waveform Design in a Multiscale Computational Model," in IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 1111-1120, June 2018, doi: 10.1109/TNSRE.2018.2832055.
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K. Loizos et al, "A multi-scale computational model for the study of retinal prosthetic stimulation," Conference Proceedings: ...Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.Annual Conference, vol. 2014, pp. 6100-6103, 2014.
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C. J. Cela, R. C. Lee and G. Lazzi, "Modeling cellular lysis in skeletal muscle due to electric shock," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 58, no. 5, pp. 1286-1293, 2011.
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C. S. Bingham et al, "Model-Based Analysis of Electrode Placement and Pulse Amplitude for Hippocampal Stimulation," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 65, no. 10, pp. 2278-2289, 2018.
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C. S. Bingham et al, "Admittance method for estimating local field potentials generated in a multi-scale neuron model of the hippocampus," Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience, in press, 2020.
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C. J. Cela, "A multiresolution admittance method for large-scale bioelectromagnetic interactions." Ph.D., North Carolina State University, United States -- North Carolina, 2010.
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H. Choi, L. Zhang, M. S. Cembrowski, C. F. Sabottke, A. L. Markowitz D. a. Butts, W. L. Kath, J. H. Singer, and H. Riecke, “Intrinsic bursting of AII amacrine cells underlies oscillations in the rd1 mouse retina.” Journal of neurophysiology, vol. 112, no. 6, pp. 1491–504, 2014.